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Culture in Senegal Resources
This website is a valuable resource because it gives current information about Senegal. This culture page is full of information about, history, religion, family, ethnic groups, agriculture and architecture in Senegal. This website as an abundant amount of other information on the other links of the website, from travel arrangements to investing or starting a business.
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This website is a valuable resource because it is current information about art, food, culture and travel all over the world. The webpage on Senegal shares tons of articles on current events happening in Senegal. It is definitely a difference from many websites that display researched history and culture.
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MAP OF SENEGAL
The above map shows the 2012 Presidential Elections in Senegal. The two candidate were Macky Sall (the current president) and Abdoulaye Wade (The former president). Presidential elections were held in Senegal on February 26 and March 25, 2012. This represents the Politics, specifically the leadership according to the Cultural Universals Model. Senegal is known for it's political stability and for it's model of democracy.
Senegal Elections 2012. (2012). Retrieved from https://welections.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/senegal-2012-1.png
Senegal Elections 2012. (2012). Retrieved from https://welections.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/senegal-2012-1.png
Demographics Data
Senegal's Change Over Time
Figure 1. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary schools between 1971 and 2011, as portrayed by gapminder.org.
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Figure 2. Changes in children per woman (fertility) between 1859 and 2013, as portrayed by gapminder.org.
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Figure 3-4. Comparison of deaths in Senegal and the USA between 1800 and 2013, as portrayed by gapminder.org.
Different factors in Senegal were captured in the above photos. In figure, one it shows a ratio of girls to boys in school between 1971 to 2011. A little over 3% of the annual population had almost 60% of girls in school compared to boys. As the years went on it went to a little under 3% of the population has a 100% ratio of girls to boys in school. In figure two, it shows the fertility of women based off the income per person. In 1859, women had an average of about five children and the income was low. As the income increased, the amount of children women had increased. In the mid years, a change happened and the more the income increased the less children women had. Also, around the 1900 was when forms of birth control were introduced. They may be a factor if why less children were being born.
In figure three and four it shows the numbers of deaths in war or crimes over time. It compares Senegal and the USA. Senegal has not had a war in its history. Senegal is one of the most peaceful West African countries. In the 1800's in Senegal and America, there were fewer deaths than 2013 where the US is significantly larger with more deaths.
In figure three and four it shows the numbers of deaths in war or crimes over time. It compares Senegal and the USA. Senegal has not had a war in its history. Senegal is one of the most peaceful West African countries. In the 1800's in Senegal and America, there were fewer deaths than 2013 where the US is significantly larger with more deaths.
Religions in Senegal
Senegal is a rich and diverse country in many ways. The separate religions in Senegal live in peace together. The two main religions in Senegal are Islam and Christianity, specifically Roman Catholic. Senegal is predominately an Islamic society and Christianity that was brought into Senegal came from colonization. “Roman Catholicism was first introduced in Senegal soon after the Portuguese arrived in 1444. The work was sporadic until 1819 when the French St. Joseph sisters arrived. Converts have come mostly from the Serer and Diola people who are concentrated in the southwest but are also found in the capital. The Roman Catholic church is by far the largest church in Senegal” (Sim.org, 2015).
Take note that Islam started in Saudi Arabia with Prophet Muhammad. The more north an African country is the more predominately Islamic they are. Therefore, it was brought to Senegal through African’s migrating south in the continent. “Islam has existed in Senegal for more than a millennium. The first ethnic groups to convert to Islam were the Toucouleur (Fulani) kingdoms during the 11th century CE, and by the beginning of the 20th century CE most of Senegal was Islamic. The way Islam is practiced in Senegal is significantly different from most other Islamic countries. Islam in Senegal is partially derived from mystical Sufi traditions. In Senegal, Islamic practice takes the form of membership of religious brotherhoods that are dedicated to their marabouts (the founders or current spiritual leaders)” (Muslimpopulation.com, 2015).
The role of religion in Senegal has many social developments and cultural norms. For example, Muslim and Christian holidays in Senegal are respected therefore any Senegalese has the day off from work. During the holidays, there are many social gatherings with different neighborhoods and religious communities. They come together to celebrate and share food and laughter. If a Muslim neighbor is having a religious party, they will invite and serve their Christian neighbor and vice versa. During, the Christian holiday of Christmas, some Muslims even exchange gifts for the children during this time. If they see their friends with a new bicycle, their parents may tell them if your school grades are good they will get a new bicycle at the end of the year. Therefore, it is not necessarily celebrating Christmas but for the sake of the children, they will get gifts around the same period, so they can play and celebrate outside with their Christian friends.
The main pilgrimage for any Muslim is of course the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. Senegal is a country that has several sacred places for Islam, I will focus on the three largest. First, there is Touba, a holy city in central Senegal. It is known as the headquarters of the largest Islamic Sufi group called Mouridism or the Mourid Brotherhood. Many Muslims take a pilgrimage to Touba in their lifetime or once a year. Anyone is welcome to join them even if they are Christian friends or Muslims of other groups. There is another sacred place named Tayba Naseen and it is the sacred place and home of a Tijani Sufi order called Ibrāhīmiyyah. This scared place is a village located inside the city of Kaolack.
Lastly, there is another Muslim brotherhood called Layenne Brotherhood located in Yoff. It mostly consist of the Lebou people who live in fishing communities on the Cape Verde peninsula. For Roman Catholic Christians in Senegal the” Basilique Notre-Dame de la Délivrance (Basilica of Our Lady of Deliverance) is a Roman Catholic minor basilica dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary located in Popenguine, Senegal. The basilica falls under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Dakar. The basilica was dedicated on November 23, 1991” (Wikipedia, 2014). Religions in Senegal have prominent religious leaders who create these sacred places for followers to visit.
There are connections between the government and religions in Senegal. These connections are between religious leaders and government leaders. Especially presidential candidates during elections. The presidential candidates always seek blessing, prayers and extra votes from religious leaders and the huge amount of followers behind them. It does not matter if the candidates are Muslim or not they usually visit Islamic religious leaders.
Overall, religion in Senegal has a very positive effect in society that generates a proud community spirit and brings people together. Religion in Senegal also promotes helping each other, showing compassion, and maintaining peace. It is amazing how different religions can live peacefully in one country when that does not always reflect in neighboring countries. I think the beauty of Senegal is that Peace in the foundation; therefore, it has remained peaceful for many centuries.
Take note that Islam started in Saudi Arabia with Prophet Muhammad. The more north an African country is the more predominately Islamic they are. Therefore, it was brought to Senegal through African’s migrating south in the continent. “Islam has existed in Senegal for more than a millennium. The first ethnic groups to convert to Islam were the Toucouleur (Fulani) kingdoms during the 11th century CE, and by the beginning of the 20th century CE most of Senegal was Islamic. The way Islam is practiced in Senegal is significantly different from most other Islamic countries. Islam in Senegal is partially derived from mystical Sufi traditions. In Senegal, Islamic practice takes the form of membership of religious brotherhoods that are dedicated to their marabouts (the founders or current spiritual leaders)” (Muslimpopulation.com, 2015).
The role of religion in Senegal has many social developments and cultural norms. For example, Muslim and Christian holidays in Senegal are respected therefore any Senegalese has the day off from work. During the holidays, there are many social gatherings with different neighborhoods and religious communities. They come together to celebrate and share food and laughter. If a Muslim neighbor is having a religious party, they will invite and serve their Christian neighbor and vice versa. During, the Christian holiday of Christmas, some Muslims even exchange gifts for the children during this time. If they see their friends with a new bicycle, their parents may tell them if your school grades are good they will get a new bicycle at the end of the year. Therefore, it is not necessarily celebrating Christmas but for the sake of the children, they will get gifts around the same period, so they can play and celebrate outside with their Christian friends.
The main pilgrimage for any Muslim is of course the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. Senegal is a country that has several sacred places for Islam, I will focus on the three largest. First, there is Touba, a holy city in central Senegal. It is known as the headquarters of the largest Islamic Sufi group called Mouridism or the Mourid Brotherhood. Many Muslims take a pilgrimage to Touba in their lifetime or once a year. Anyone is welcome to join them even if they are Christian friends or Muslims of other groups. There is another sacred place named Tayba Naseen and it is the sacred place and home of a Tijani Sufi order called Ibrāhīmiyyah. This scared place is a village located inside the city of Kaolack.
Lastly, there is another Muslim brotherhood called Layenne Brotherhood located in Yoff. It mostly consist of the Lebou people who live in fishing communities on the Cape Verde peninsula. For Roman Catholic Christians in Senegal the” Basilique Notre-Dame de la Délivrance (Basilica of Our Lady of Deliverance) is a Roman Catholic minor basilica dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary located in Popenguine, Senegal. The basilica falls under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Dakar. The basilica was dedicated on November 23, 1991” (Wikipedia, 2014). Religions in Senegal have prominent religious leaders who create these sacred places for followers to visit.
There are connections between the government and religions in Senegal. These connections are between religious leaders and government leaders. Especially presidential candidates during elections. The presidential candidates always seek blessing, prayers and extra votes from religious leaders and the huge amount of followers behind them. It does not matter if the candidates are Muslim or not they usually visit Islamic religious leaders.
Overall, religion in Senegal has a very positive effect in society that generates a proud community spirit and brings people together. Religion in Senegal also promotes helping each other, showing compassion, and maintaining peace. It is amazing how different religions can live peacefully in one country when that does not always reflect in neighboring countries. I think the beauty of Senegal is that Peace in the foundation; therefore, it has remained peaceful for many centuries.
Map of Religions
Religion in Photos
Food and Food Production
A recipe
Tieboudiene Penda Mbaye. The dish comes from the north of Senegal in the former capital city called Saint-Louis. The name Tieboudienne literary means “rice and fish”. A woman named Penda Mbaye invented it. She was a great cook in the nineteenth century in St. Louis. It is usually prepared for lunch and in major ceremonies. It is indeed a preparation of fresh fish (often thiof) of dried fish, yet (mollusk) and rice cooked with vegetables (cassava, pumpkin, cabbage, carrot, turnip, eggplant etc), the parsley, tomato paste, peppers, garlic and onions.
Connections between religion and type of food.
During religious holidays, this type of food is prepared and shared with family, friends and neighbors.
Where does the food come from? Is it grown/produced in the country?
The dish is a 100% local. All the ingredients are local coming from Senegalese local farmers and local fishermen.
Unique Information
The rice that makes Tieboudiene is the origin of the famous and popular West African dish called Jollof rice.
Tieboudiene Penda Mbaye. The dish comes from the north of Senegal in the former capital city called Saint-Louis. The name Tieboudienne literary means “rice and fish”. A woman named Penda Mbaye invented it. She was a great cook in the nineteenth century in St. Louis. It is usually prepared for lunch and in major ceremonies. It is indeed a preparation of fresh fish (often thiof) of dried fish, yet (mollusk) and rice cooked with vegetables (cassava, pumpkin, cabbage, carrot, turnip, eggplant etc), the parsley, tomato paste, peppers, garlic and onions.
Connections between religion and type of food.
During religious holidays, this type of food is prepared and shared with family, friends and neighbors.
Where does the food come from? Is it grown/produced in the country?
The dish is a 100% local. All the ingredients are local coming from Senegalese local farmers and local fishermen.
Unique Information
The rice that makes Tieboudiene is the origin of the famous and popular West African dish called Jollof rice.
"How to" video on making Tieboudiene
References
Au-senegal.com,. (2015). Les religions et les croyances du Sénégal / Sénégal. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from http://www.au-senegal.com/-les-religions-et-les-croyances-du-senegal-.html?lang=fr
Basilique Notre-Dame de la Délivrance Popenguine, Senegal. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.rewmi.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/eglise-de-popenguine-660x330.jpg
Current President Macky Sall with Serigne Cheikh Tidiane Sy Al Maktoum à Tivaouane. (2015). Retrieved from http://dakarvoice.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/macky-sall.jpeg
Muslimpopulation.com,. (2015). Islam in Senegal. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from http://www.muslimpopulation.com/africa/Senegal/inslam%20In%20Senegal.php
Muslims and Christians in Africa. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/07/religious-composition-map.png
Planete-senegal.com,. (2015). Les religions au Senegal. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from http://www.planete-senegal.com/senegal/religion_senegal.php
President Leopold Sedar Senghor With Cheikh Mouhamadou Fadl. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.asfiyahi.org/VIDEO-KAZOU-RAJAB-RETOUR-SUR-LA-VIE-ET-L-OEUVRE-D-El-HADJI-MOUHAMMADOU-FADILOU-MBACKE-1945-1968_a386.html
Sim.org,. (2015). Country Profile: Senegal. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from http://www.sim.org/index.php/country/SN
Touba. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.aubergeafricathiossan.com/eng/photogallery/escursioni/moschea_di_touba.jpg
Wikipedia,. (2014). Basilique Notre-Dame de la Délivrance. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique_Notre-Dame_de_la_D%C3%A9livrance
Thieboudieune : Senegal's rice and fish dish. (2015). Retrieved from http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IssTRMJY3ZE/Uej-nS1xfqI/AAAAAAAAC5A/0za-IWXd5sE/s1600/cisse+queen+recipe.jpg
Touba. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.aubergeafricathiossan.com/eng/photogallery/escursioni/moschea_di_touba.jpg
Wikipedia,. (2014). Basilique Notre-Dame de la Délivrance. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique_Notre-Dame_de_la_D%C3%A9livrance
Au-senegal.com,. (2015). Les religions et les croyances du Sénégal / Sénégal. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from http://www.au-senegal.com/-les-religions-et-les-croyances-du-senegal-.html?lang=fr
Basilique Notre-Dame de la Délivrance Popenguine, Senegal. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.rewmi.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/eglise-de-popenguine-660x330.jpg
Current President Macky Sall with Serigne Cheikh Tidiane Sy Al Maktoum à Tivaouane. (2015). Retrieved from http://dakarvoice.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/macky-sall.jpeg
Muslimpopulation.com,. (2015). Islam in Senegal. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from http://www.muslimpopulation.com/africa/Senegal/inslam%20In%20Senegal.php
Muslims and Christians in Africa. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/07/religious-composition-map.png
Planete-senegal.com,. (2015). Les religions au Senegal. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from http://www.planete-senegal.com/senegal/religion_senegal.php
President Leopold Sedar Senghor With Cheikh Mouhamadou Fadl. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.asfiyahi.org/VIDEO-KAZOU-RAJAB-RETOUR-SUR-LA-VIE-ET-L-OEUVRE-D-El-HADJI-MOUHAMMADOU-FADILOU-MBACKE-1945-1968_a386.html
Sim.org,. (2015). Country Profile: Senegal. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from http://www.sim.org/index.php/country/SN
Touba. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.aubergeafricathiossan.com/eng/photogallery/escursioni/moschea_di_touba.jpg
Wikipedia,. (2014). Basilique Notre-Dame de la Délivrance. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique_Notre-Dame_de_la_D%C3%A9livrance
Thieboudieune : Senegal's rice and fish dish. (2015). Retrieved from http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IssTRMJY3ZE/Uej-nS1xfqI/AAAAAAAAC5A/0za-IWXd5sE/s1600/cisse+queen+recipe.jpg
Touba. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.aubergeafricathiossan.com/eng/photogallery/escursioni/moschea_di_touba.jpg
Wikipedia,. (2014). Basilique Notre-Dame de la Délivrance. Retrieved 27 July 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilique_Notre-Dame_de_la_D%C3%A9livrance